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CVE Vendors Products Updated CVSS v3.1
CVE-2025-40243 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: hfs: fix KMSAN uninit-value issue in hfs_find_set_zero_bits() The syzbot reported issue in hfs_find_set_zero_bits(): ===================================================== BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in hfs_find_set_zero_bits+0x74d/0xb60 fs/hfs/bitmap.c:45 hfs_find_set_zero_bits+0x74d/0xb60 fs/hfs/bitmap.c:45 hfs_vbm_search_free+0x13c/0x5b0 fs/hfs/bitmap.c:151 hfs_extend_file+0x6a5/0x1b00 fs/hfs/extent.c:408 hfs_get_block+0x435/0x1150 fs/hfs/extent.c:353 __block_write_begin_int+0xa76/0x3030 fs/buffer.c:2151 block_write_begin fs/buffer.c:2262 [inline] cont_write_begin+0x10e1/0x1bc0 fs/buffer.c:2601 hfs_write_begin+0x85/0x130 fs/hfs/inode.c:52 cont_expand_zero fs/buffer.c:2528 [inline] cont_write_begin+0x35a/0x1bc0 fs/buffer.c:2591 hfs_write_begin+0x85/0x130 fs/hfs/inode.c:52 hfs_file_truncate+0x1d6/0xe60 fs/hfs/extent.c:494 hfs_inode_setattr+0x964/0xaa0 fs/hfs/inode.c:654 notify_change+0x1993/0x1aa0 fs/attr.c:552 do_truncate+0x28f/0x310 fs/open.c:68 do_ftruncate+0x698/0x730 fs/open.c:195 do_sys_ftruncate fs/open.c:210 [inline] __do_sys_ftruncate fs/open.c:215 [inline] __se_sys_ftruncate fs/open.c:213 [inline] __x64_sys_ftruncate+0x11b/0x250 fs/open.c:213 x64_sys_call+0xfe3/0x3db0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:78 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xd9/0x210 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Uninit was created at: slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4154 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4197 [inline] __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x7f7/0xed0 mm/slub.c:4354 kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:905 [inline] hfs_mdb_get+0x1cc8/0x2a90 fs/hfs/mdb.c:175 hfs_fill_super+0x3d0/0xb80 fs/hfs/super.c:337 get_tree_bdev_flags+0x6e3/0x920 fs/super.c:1681 get_tree_bdev+0x38/0x50 fs/super.c:1704 hfs_get_tree+0x35/0x40 fs/hfs/super.c:388 vfs_get_tree+0xb0/0x5c0 fs/super.c:1804 do_new_mount+0x738/0x1610 fs/namespace.c:3902 path_mount+0x6db/0x1e90 fs/namespace.c:4226 do_mount fs/namespace.c:4239 [inline] __do_sys_mount fs/namespace.c:4450 [inline] __se_sys_mount+0x6eb/0x7d0 fs/namespace.c:4427 __x64_sys_mount+0xe4/0x150 fs/namespace.c:4427 x64_sys_call+0xfa7/0x3db0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:166 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xd9/0x210 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 12609 Comm: syz.1.2692 Not tainted 6.16.0-syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(none) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025 ===================================================== The HFS_SB(sb)->bitmap buffer is allocated in hfs_mdb_get(): HFS_SB(sb)->bitmap = kmalloc(8192, GFP_KERNEL); Finally, it can trigger the reported issue because kmalloc() doesn't clear the allocated memory. If allocated memory contains only zeros, then everything will work pretty fine. But if the allocated memory contains the "garbage", then it can affect the bitmap operations and it triggers the reported issue. This patch simply exchanges the kmalloc() on kzalloc() with the goal to guarantee the correctness of bitmap operations. Because, newly created allocation bitmap should have all available blocks free. Potentially, initialization bitmap's read operation could not fill the whole allocated memory and "garbage" in the not initialized memory will be the reason of volume coruptions and file system driver bugs.
CVE-2025-40161 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mailbox: zynqmp-ipi: Fix SGI cleanup on unbind The driver incorrectly determines SGI vs SPI interrupts by checking IRQ number < 16, which fails with dynamic IRQ allocation. During unbind, this causes improper SGI cleanup leading to kernel crash. Add explicit irq_type field to pdata for reliable identification of SGI interrupts (type-2) and only clean up SGI resources when appropriate.
CVE-2025-68194 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: imon: make send_packet() more robust syzbot is reporting that imon has three problems which result in hung tasks due to forever holding device lock [1]. First problem is that when usb_rx_callback_intf0() once got -EPROTO error after ictx->dev_present_intf0 became true, usb_rx_callback_intf0() resubmits urb after printk(), and resubmitted urb causes usb_rx_callback_intf0() to again get -EPROTO error. This results in printk() flooding (RCU stalls). Alan Stern commented [2] that In theory it's okay to resubmit _if_ the driver has a robust error-recovery scheme (such as giving up after some fixed limit on the number of errors or after some fixed time has elapsed, perhaps with a time delay to prevent a flood of errors). Most drivers don't bother to do this; they simply give up right away. This makes them more vulnerable to short-term noise interference during USB transfers, but in reality such interference is quite rare. There's nothing really wrong with giving up right away. but imon has a poor error-recovery scheme which just retries forever; this behavior should be fixed. Since I'm not sure whether it is safe for imon users to give up upon any error code, this patch takes care of only union of error codes chosen from modules in drivers/media/rc/ directory which handle -EPROTO error (i.e. ir_toy, mceusb and igorplugusb). Second problem is that when usb_rx_callback_intf0() once got -EPROTO error before ictx->dev_present_intf0 becomes true, usb_rx_callback_intf0() always resubmits urb due to commit 8791d63af0cf ("[media] imon: don't wedge hardware after early callbacks"). Move the ictx->dev_present_intf0 test introduced by commit 6f6b90c9231a ("[media] imon: don't parse scancodes until intf configured") to immediately before imon_incoming_packet(), or the first problem explained above happens without printk() flooding (i.e. hung task). Third problem is that when usb_rx_callback_intf0() is not called for some reason (e.g. flaky hardware; the reproducer for this problem sometimes prevents usb_rx_callback_intf0() from being called), wait_for_completion_interruptible() in send_packet() never returns (i.e. hung task). As a workaround for such situation, change send_packet() to wait for completion with timeout of 10 seconds.
CVE-2025-68294 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: io_uring/net: ensure vectored buffer node import is tied to notification When support for vectored registered buffers was added, the import itself is using 'req' rather than the notification io_kiocb, sr->notif. For non-vectored imports, sr->notif is correctly used. This is important as the lifetime of the two may be different. Use the correct io_kiocb for the vectored buffer import.
CVE-2025-68299 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: afs: Fix delayed allocation of a cell's anonymous key The allocation of a cell's anonymous key is done in a background thread along with other cell setup such as doing a DNS upcall. In the reported bug, this is triggered by afs_parse_source() parsing the device name given to mount() and calling afs_lookup_cell() with the name of the cell. The normal key lookup then tries to use the key description on the anonymous authentication key as the reference for request_key() - but it may not yet be set and so an oops can happen. This has been made more likely to happen by the fix for dynamic lookup failure. Fix this by firstly allocating a reference name and attaching it to the afs_cell record when the record is created. It can share the memory allocation with the cell name (unfortunately it can't just overlap the cell name by prepending it with "afs@" as the cell name already has a '.' prepended for other purposes). This reference name is then passed to request_key(). Secondly, the anon key is now allocated on demand at the point a key is requested in afs_request_key() if it is not already allocated. A mutex is used to prevent multiple allocation for a cell. Thirdly, make afs_request_key_rcu() return NULL if the anonymous key isn't yet allocated (if we need it) and then the caller can return -ECHILD to drop out of RCU-mode and afs_request_key() can be called. Note that the anonymous key is kind of necessary to make the key lookup cache work as that doesn't currently cache a negative lookup, but it's probably worth some investigation to see if NULL can be used instead.
CVE-2025-40159 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation Turned out certain clearly invalid values passed in xdp_desc from userspace can pass xp_{,un}aligned_validate_desc() and then lead to UBs or just invalid frames to be queued for xmit. desc->len close to ``U32_MAX`` with a non-zero pool->tx_metadata_len can cause positive integer overflow and wraparound, the same way low enough desc->addr with a non-zero pool->tx_metadata_len can cause negative integer overflow. Both scenarios can then pass the validation successfully. This doesn't happen with valid XSk applications, but can be used to perform attacks. Always promote desc->len to ``u64`` first to exclude positive overflows of it. Use explicit check_{add,sub}_overflow() when validating desc->addr (which is ``u64`` already). bloat-o-meter reports a little growth of the code size: add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/1 up/down: 60/-16 (44) Function old new delta xskq_cons_peek_desc 299 330 +31 xsk_tx_peek_release_desc_batch 973 1002 +29 xsk_generic_xmit 3148 3132 -16 but hopefully this doesn't hurt the performance much.
CVE-2025-68303 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: platform/x86: intel: punit_ipc: fix memory corruption This passes the address of the pointer "&punit_ipcdev" when the intent was to pass the pointer itself "punit_ipcdev" (without the ampersand). This means that the: complete(&ipcdev->cmd_complete); in intel_punit_ioc() will write to a wrong memory address corrupting it.
CVE-2025-68377 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ns: initialize ns_list_node for initial namespaces Make sure that the list is always initialized for initial namespaces.
CVE-2025-68326 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/xe/guc: Fix stack_depot usage Add missing stack_depot_init() call when CONFIG_DRM_XE_DEBUG_GUC is enabled to fix the following call stack: [] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000 [] Workqueue: drm_sched_run_job_work [gpu_sched] [] RIP: 0010:stack_depot_save_flags+0x172/0x870 [] Call Trace: [] <TASK> [] fast_req_track+0x58/0xb0 [xe] (cherry picked from commit 64fdf496a6929a0a194387d2bb5efaf5da2b542f)
CVE-2025-68314 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/msm: make sure last_fence is always updated Update last_fence in the vm-bind path instead of kernel managed path. last_fence is used to wait for work to finish in vm_bind contexts but not used for kernel managed contexts. This fixes a bug where last_fence is not waited on context close leading to faults as resources are freed while in use. Patchwork: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/680080/
CVE-2022-50734 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nvmem: core: Fix memleak in nvmem_register() dev_set_name will alloc memory for nvmem->dev.kobj.name in nvmem_register, when nvmem_validate_keepouts failed, nvmem's memory will be freed and return, but nobody will free memory for nvmem->dev.kobj.name, there will be memleak, so moving nvmem_validate_keepouts() after device_register() and let the device core deal with cleaning name in error cases.
CVE-2025-68327 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: renesas_usbhs: Fix synchronous external abort on unbind A synchronous external abort occurs on the Renesas RZ/G3S SoC if unbind is executed after the configuration sequence described above: modprobe usb_f_ecm modprobe libcomposite modprobe configfs cd /sys/kernel/config/usb_gadget mkdir -p g1 cd g1 echo "0x1d6b" > idVendor echo "0x0104" > idProduct mkdir -p strings/0x409 echo "0123456789" > strings/0x409/serialnumber echo "Renesas." > strings/0x409/manufacturer echo "Ethernet Gadget" > strings/0x409/product mkdir -p functions/ecm.usb0 mkdir -p configs/c.1 mkdir -p configs/c.1/strings/0x409 echo "ECM" > configs/c.1/strings/0x409/configuration if [ ! -L configs/c.1/ecm.usb0 ]; then ln -s functions/ecm.usb0 configs/c.1 fi echo 11e20000.usb > UDC echo 11e20000.usb > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/renesas_usbhs/unbind The displayed trace is as follows: Internal error: synchronous external abort: 0000000096000010 [#1] SMP CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 188 Comm: sh Tainted: G M 6.17.0-rc7-next-20250922-00010-g41050493b2bd #55 PREEMPT Tainted: [M]=MACHINE_CHECK Hardware name: Renesas SMARC EVK version 2 based on r9a08g045s33 (DT) pstate: 604000c5 (nZCv daIF +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : usbhs_sys_function_pullup+0x10/0x40 [renesas_usbhs] lr : usbhsg_update_pullup+0x3c/0x68 [renesas_usbhs] sp : ffff8000838b3920 x29: ffff8000838b3920 x28: ffff00000d585780 x27: 0000000000000000 x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 0000000000000000 x24: ffff00000c3e3810 x23: ffff00000d5e5c80 x22: ffff00000d5e5d40 x21: 0000000000000000 x20: 0000000000000000 x19: ffff00000d5e5c80 x18: 0000000000000020 x17: 2e30303230316531 x16: 312d7968703a7968 x15: 3d454d414e5f4344 x14: 000000000000002c x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000 x11: ffff00000f358f38 x10: ffff00000f358db0 x9 : ffff00000b41f418 x8 : 0101010101010101 x7 : 7f7f7f7f7f7f7f7f x6 : fefefeff6364626d x5 : 8080808000000000 x4 : 000000004b5ccb9d x3 : 0000000000000000 x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : ffff800083790000 x0 : ffff00000d5e5c80 Call trace: usbhs_sys_function_pullup+0x10/0x40 [renesas_usbhs] (P) usbhsg_pullup+0x4c/0x7c [renesas_usbhs] usb_gadget_disconnect_locked+0x48/0xd4 gadget_unbind_driver+0x44/0x114 device_remove+0x4c/0x80 device_release_driver_internal+0x1c8/0x224 device_release_driver+0x18/0x24 bus_remove_device+0xcc/0x10c device_del+0x14c/0x404 usb_del_gadget+0x88/0xc0 usb_del_gadget_udc+0x18/0x30 usbhs_mod_gadget_remove+0x24/0x44 [renesas_usbhs] usbhs_mod_remove+0x20/0x30 [renesas_usbhs] usbhs_remove+0x98/0xdc [renesas_usbhs] platform_remove+0x20/0x30 device_remove+0x4c/0x80 device_release_driver_internal+0x1c8/0x224 device_driver_detach+0x18/0x24 unbind_store+0xb4/0xb8 drv_attr_store+0x24/0x38 sysfs_kf_write+0x7c/0x94 kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x128/0x1b8 vfs_write+0x2ac/0x350 ksys_write+0x68/0xfc __arm64_sys_write+0x1c/0x28 invoke_syscall+0x48/0x110 el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xc0/0xe0 do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28 el0_svc+0x34/0xf0 el0t_64_sync_handler+0xa0/0xe4 el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c Code: 7100003f 1a9f07e1 531c6c22 f9400001 (79400021) ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- note: sh[188] exited with irqs disabled note: sh[188] exited with preempt_count 1 The issue occurs because usbhs_sys_function_pullup(), which accesses the IP registers, is executed after the USBHS clocks have been disabled. The problem is reproducible on the Renesas RZ/G3S SoC starting with the addition of module stop in the clock enable/disable APIs. With module stop functionality enabled, a bus error is expected if a master accesses a module whose clock has been stopped and module stop activated. Disable the IP clocks at the end of remove.
CVE-2025-68317 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: io_uring/zctx: check chained notif contexts Send zc only links ubuf_info for requests coming from the same context. There are some ambiguous syz reports, so let's check the assumption on notification completion.
CVE-2025-68213 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7.0 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: idpf: fix possible vport_config NULL pointer deref in remove Attempting to remove the driver will cause a crash in cases where the vport failed to initialize. Following trace is from an instance where the driver failed during an attempt to create a VF: [ 1661.543624] idpf 0000:84:00.7: Device HW Reset initiated [ 1722.923726] idpf 0000:84:00.7: Transaction timed-out (op:1 cookie:2900 vc_op:1 salt:29 timeout:60000ms) [ 1723.353263] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000028 ... [ 1723.358472] RIP: 0010:idpf_remove+0x11c/0x200 [idpf] ... [ 1723.364973] Call Trace: [ 1723.365475] <TASK> [ 1723.365972] pci_device_remove+0x42/0xb0 [ 1723.366481] device_release_driver_internal+0x1a9/0x210 [ 1723.366987] pci_stop_bus_device+0x6d/0x90 [ 1723.367488] pci_stop_and_remove_bus_device+0x12/0x20 [ 1723.367971] pci_iov_remove_virtfn+0xbd/0x120 [ 1723.368309] sriov_disable+0x34/0xe0 [ 1723.368643] idpf_sriov_configure+0x58/0x140 [idpf] [ 1723.368982] sriov_numvfs_store+0xda/0x1c0 Avoid the NULL pointer dereference by adding NULL pointer check for vport_config[i], before freeing user_config.q_coalesce.
CVE-2025-68329 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tracing: Fix WARN_ON in tracing_buffers_mmap_close for split VMAs When a VMA is split (e.g., by partial munmap or MAP_FIXED), the kernel calls vm_ops->close on each portion. For trace buffer mappings, this results in ring_buffer_unmap() being called multiple times while ring_buffer_map() was only called once. This causes ring_buffer_unmap() to return -ENODEV on subsequent calls because user_mapped is already 0, triggering a WARN_ON. Trace buffer mappings cannot support partial mappings because the ring buffer structure requires the complete buffer including the meta page. Fix this by adding a may_split callback that returns -EINVAL to prevent VMA splits entirely.
CVE-2025-68322 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: parisc: Avoid crash due to unaligned access in unwinder Guenter Roeck reported this kernel crash on his emulated B160L machine: Starting network: udhcpc: started, v1.36.1 Backtrace: [<104320d4>] unwind_once+0x1c/0x5c [<10434a00>] walk_stackframe.isra.0+0x74/0xb8 [<10434a6c>] arch_stack_walk+0x28/0x38 [<104e5efc>] stack_trace_save+0x48/0x5c [<105d1bdc>] set_track_prepare+0x44/0x6c [<105d9c80>] ___slab_alloc+0xfc4/0x1024 [<105d9d38>] __slab_alloc.isra.0+0x58/0x90 [<105dc80c>] kmem_cache_alloc_noprof+0x2ac/0x4a0 [<105b8e54>] __anon_vma_prepare+0x60/0x280 [<105a823c>] __vmf_anon_prepare+0x68/0x94 [<105a8b34>] do_wp_page+0x8cc/0xf10 [<105aad88>] handle_mm_fault+0x6c0/0xf08 [<10425568>] do_page_fault+0x110/0x440 [<10427938>] handle_interruption+0x184/0x748 [<11178398>] schedule+0x4c/0x190 BUG: spinlock recursion on CPU#0, ifconfig/2420 lock: terminate_lock.2+0x0/0x1c, .magic: dead4ead, .owner: ifconfig/2420, .owner_cpu: 0 While creating the stack trace, the unwinder uses the stack pointer to guess the previous frame to read the previous stack pointer from memory. The crash happens, because the unwinder tries to read from unaligned memory and as such triggers the unalignment trap handler which then leads to the spinlock recursion and finally to a deadlock. Fix it by checking the alignment before accessing the memory.
CVE-2025-68318 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: clk: thead: th1520-ap: set all AXI clocks to CLK_IS_CRITICAL The AXI crossbar of TH1520 has no proper timeout handling, which means gating AXI clocks can easily lead to bus timeout and thus system hang. Set all AXI clock gates to CLK_IS_CRITICAL. All these clock gates are ungated by default on system reset. In addition, convert all current CLK_IGNORE_UNUSED usage to CLK_IS_CRITICAL to prevent unwanted clock gating.
CVE-2025-68330 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 N/A
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iio: accel: bmc150: Fix irq assumption regression The code in bmc150-accel-core.c unconditionally calls bmc150_accel_set_interrupt() in the iio_buffer_setup_ops, such as on the runtime PM resume path giving a kernel splat like this if the device has no interrupts: Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000001 when read PC is at bmc150_accel_set_interrupt+0x98/0x194 LR is at __pm_runtime_resume+0x5c/0x64 (...) Call trace: bmc150_accel_set_interrupt from bmc150_accel_buffer_postenable+0x40/0x108 bmc150_accel_buffer_postenable from __iio_update_buffers+0xbe0/0xcbc __iio_update_buffers from enable_store+0x84/0xc8 enable_store from kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x154/0x1b4 This bug seems to have been in the driver since the beginning, but it only manifests recently, I do not know why. Store the IRQ number in the state struct, as this is a common pattern in other drivers, then use this to determine if we have IRQ support or not.
CVE-2025-40111 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 7.0 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/vmwgfx: Fix Use-after-free in validation Nodes stored in the validation duplicates hashtable come from an arena allocator that is cleared at the end of vmw_execbuf_process. All nodes are expected to be cleared in vmw_validation_drop_ht but this node escaped because its resource was destroyed prematurely.
CVE-2025-68778 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-04-15 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: don't log conflicting inode if it's a dir moved in the current transaction We can't log a conflicting inode if it's a directory and it was moved from one parent directory to another parent directory in the current transaction, as this can result an attempt to have a directory with two hard links during log replay, one for the old parent directory and another for the new parent directory. The following scenario triggers that issue: 1) We have directories "dir1" and "dir2" created in a past transaction. Directory "dir1" has inode A as its parent directory; 2) We move "dir1" to some other directory; 3) We create a file with the name "dir1" in directory inode A; 4) We fsync the new file. This results in logging the inode of the new file and the inode for the directory "dir1" that was previously moved in the current transaction. So the log tree has the INODE_REF item for the new location of "dir1"; 5) We move the new file to some other directory. This results in updating the log tree to included the new INODE_REF for the new location of the file and removes the INODE_REF for the old location. This happens during the rename when we call btrfs_log_new_name(); 6) We fsync the file, and that persists the log tree changes done in the previous step (btrfs_log_new_name() only updates the log tree in memory); 7) We have a power failure; 8) Next time the fs is mounted, log replay happens and when processing the inode for directory "dir1" we find a new INODE_REF and add that link, but we don't remove the old link of the inode since we have not logged the old parent directory of the directory inode "dir1". As a result after log replay finishes when we trigger writeback of the subvolume tree's extent buffers, the tree check will detect that we have a directory a hard link count of 2 and we get a mount failure. The errors and stack traces reported in dmesg/syslog are like this: [ 3845.729764] BTRFS info (device dm-0): start tree-log replay [ 3845.730304] page: refcount:3 mapcount:0 mapping:000000005c8a3027 index:0x1d00 pfn:0x11510c [ 3845.731236] memcg:ffff9264c02f4e00 [ 3845.731751] aops:btree_aops [btrfs] ino:1 [ 3845.732300] flags: 0x17fffc00000400a(uptodate|private|writeback|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x1ffff) [ 3845.733346] raw: 017fffc00000400a 0000000000000000 dead000000000122 ffff9264d978aea8 [ 3845.734265] raw: 0000000000001d00 ffff92650e6d4738 00000003ffffffff ffff9264c02f4e00 [ 3845.735305] page dumped because: eb page dump [ 3845.735981] BTRFS critical (device dm-0): corrupt leaf: root=5 block=30408704 slot=6 ino=257, invalid nlink: has 2 expect no more than 1 for dir [ 3845.737786] BTRFS info (device dm-0): leaf 30408704 gen 10 total ptrs 17 free space 14881 owner 5 [ 3845.737789] BTRFS info (device dm-0): refs 4 lock_owner 0 current 30701 [ 3845.737792] item 0 key (256 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 16123 itemsize 160 [ 3845.737794] inode generation 3 transid 9 size 16 nbytes 16384 [ 3845.737795] block group 0 mode 40755 links 1 uid 0 gid 0 [ 3845.737797] rdev 0 sequence 2 flags 0x0 [ 3845.737798] atime 1764259517.0 [ 3845.737800] ctime 1764259517.572889464 [ 3845.737801] mtime 1764259517.572889464 [ 3845.737802] otime 1764259517.0 [ 3845.737803] item 1 key (256 INODE_REF 256) itemoff 16111 itemsize 12 [ 3845.737805] index 0 name_len 2 [ 3845.737807] item 2 key (256 DIR_ITEM 2363071922) itemoff 16077 itemsize 34 [ 3845.737808] location key (257 1 0) type 2 [ 3845.737810] transid 9 data_len 0 name_len 4 [ 3845.737811] item 3 key (256 DIR_ITEM 2676584006) itemoff 16043 itemsize 34 [ 3845.737813] location key (258 1 0) type 2 [ 3845.737814] transid 9 data_len 0 name_len 4 [ 3845.737815] item 4 key (256 DIR_INDEX 2) itemoff 16009 itemsize 34 [ 3845.737816] location key (257 1 0) type 2 [ ---truncated---