{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-97931", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:18:58.203Z", "datePublished": "2026-09-25T10:22:47.382Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-09-25T14:41:39.476Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-09-25T14:41:39.476Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nALSA: us122l: Prevent write upgrades for read mappings\n\nThe hwdep mmap callback rejects read-buffer mappings that are initially\nwritable, but leaves VM_MAYWRITE set on mappings created with PROT_READ.\nA process that can open the hwdep node O_RDWR can later use mprotect() to\nmake the mapping writable.\n\nThe read allocation begins with struct usb_stream. Its read_size member is\nused by the fault handler to decide which pages belong to the read buffer.\nThe read VMA intentionally remains expandable because pcm_usb_stream uses\nmremap() after reading that size. Changing read_size first can therefore\nmap and access pages beyond the allocation. The same member is also\nconsumed by usb_stream_free(), where changing it can make\nfree_pages_exact() release pages outside the allocation.\n\nClear VM_MAYWRITE for read-buffer mappings after rejecting an initially\nwritable VMA. This keeps the separate output-buffer mapping writable while\npreventing later permission upgrades."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The bad data is written by a local process. It maps the us122l hwdep read buffer PROT_READ via usb_stream_hwdep_mmap(), upgrades it with mprotect() because VM_MAYWRITE was never cleared, and overwrites usb_stream.read_size. No remote protocol or USB packet carries the malicious value.\nAC:H - The driver only binds, and only creates /dev/snd/hwC*D*, when a TASCAM US-122L/US-144 is attached. A local attacker can't produce that hardware without physical access. Once it is present, mmap, mprotect, a read_size overwrite and mremap are fully deterministic.\nPR:L - The attacker needs an O_RDWR open of the hwdep node, which a normal user gets through audio group or seat uaccess ACLs. usb_stream_hwdep_open() and usb_stream_hwdep_ioctl() do no capability checks, and the stream already exists from probe.\nUI:N - The attacker's own process does the open, mmap, mprotect, write to read_size, mremap and page faults. No other user has to act.\nS:U - The result is corrupted kernel memory and local privilege escalation within the same kernel authority. No VM or hardware isolation boundary is crossed.\nC:H - With an inflated read_size, usb_stream_hwdep_vm_fault() maps virt_to_page((char *)s + offset) for offsets past the alloc_pages_exact() buffer. Userspace can then directly read arbitrary adjacent kernel pages.\nI:H - Those out-of-bounds pages are mapped writable into userspace, giving direct write access to kernel memory. In addition, usb_stream_free() calls free_pages_exact(s, read_size) with the tampered size, freeing pages that are still in use, a page-level use-after-free.\nA:H - Writing to foreign kernel pages, or freeing the wrong pages through usb_stream_free() on SET_PARAMS re-init or disconnect, corrupts the page allocator and kernel data, which leads to an oops or panic."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c"], "versions": [{"version": "030a07e441296c372f946cd4065b5d831d8dc40c", "lessThan": "64a87950239867682cde128020e1a47088295e5c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "030a07e441296c372f946cd4065b5d831d8dc40c", "lessThan": "d9c537b14f4982f17b103e3a2cfeee4bee6bc026", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "030a07e441296c372f946cd4065b5d831d8dc40c", "lessThan": "0eb9dd4774af0ac4d1fd105ef2b0a1f6cec06f2f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "030a07e441296c372f946cd4065b5d831d8dc40c", "lessThan": "71c610aeb1770302ac9c9e0b9a4ecd37f1311928", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c"], "versions": [{"version": "2.6.28", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "2.6.28", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.111", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.53", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.2.7", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.3-rc3", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.28", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.111"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.28", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.53"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.28", "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.7"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.28", "versionEndExcluding": "7.3-rc3"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64a87950239867682cde128020e1a47088295e5c"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d9c537b14f4982f17b103e3a2cfeee4bee6bc026"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0eb9dd4774af0ac4d1fd105ef2b0a1f6cec06f2f"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71c610aeb1770302ac9c9e0b9a4ecd37f1311928"}], "title": "ALSA: us122l: Prevent write upgrades for read mappings", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

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{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "64a87950239867682cde128020e1a47088295e5c", "status": "affected", "version": "030a07e441296c372f946cd4065b5d831d8dc40c", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "d9c537b14f4982f17b103e3a2cfeee4bee6bc026", "status": "affected", "version": "030a07e441296c372f946cd4065b5d831d8dc40c", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "0eb9dd4774af0ac4d1fd105ef2b0a1f6cec06f2f", "status": "affected", "version": "030a07e441296c372f946cd4065b5d831d8dc40c", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "71c610aeb1770302ac9c9e0b9a4ecd37f1311928", "status": "affected", "version": "030a07e441296c372f946cd4065b5d831d8dc40c", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["sound/usb/usx2y/us122l.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "2.6.28"}, {"lessThan": "2.6.28", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.111", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.53", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.2.7", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.3-rc3", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nALSA: us122l: Prevent write upgrades for read mappings\n\nThe hwdep mmap callback rejects read-buffer mappings that are initially\nwritable, but leaves VM_MAYWRITE set on mappings created with PROT_READ.\nA process that can open the hwdep node O_RDWR can later use mprotect() to\nmake the mapping writable.\n\nThe read allocation begins with struct usb_stream. Its read_size member is\nused by the fault handler to decide which pages belong to the read buffer.\nThe read VMA intentionally remains expandable because pcm_usb_stream uses\nmremap() after reading that size. Changing read_size first can therefore\nmap and access pages beyond the allocation. The same member is also\nconsumed by usb_stream_free(), where changing it can make\nfree_pages_exact() release pages outside the allocation.\n\nClear VM_MAYWRITE for read-buffer mappings after rejecting an initially\nwritable VMA. This keeps the separate output-buffer mapping writable while\npreventing later permission upgrades."}], "id": "CVE-2026-97931", "lastModified": "2026-09-25T15:18:02.450", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.0, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2026-09-25T11:17:20.387", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0eb9dd4774af0ac4d1fd105ef2b0a1f6cec06f2f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64a87950239867682cde128020e1a47088295e5c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71c610aeb1770302ac9c9e0b9a4ecd37f1311928"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d9c537b14f4982f17b103e3a2cfeee4bee6bc026"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Received"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: ALSA: us122l: Prevent write upgrades for read mappings", "id": "2541209", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2541209"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-787", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nALSA: us122l: Prevent write upgrades for read mappings\nThe hwdep mmap callback rejects read-buffer mappings that are initially\nwritable, but leaves VM_MAYWRITE set on mappings created with PROT_READ.\nA process that can open the hwdep node O_RDWR can later use mprotect() to\nmake the mapping writable.\nThe read allocation begins with struct usb_stream. Its read_size member is\nused by the fault handler to decide which pages belong to the read buffer.\nThe read VMA intentionally remains expandable because pcm_usb_stream uses\nmremap() after reading that size. Changing read_size first can therefore\nmap and access pages beyond the allocation. The same member is also\nconsumed by usb_stream_free(), where changing it can make\nfree_pages_exact() release pages outside the allocation.\nClear VM_MAYWRITE for read-buffer mappings after rejecting an initially\nwritable VMA. This keeps the separate output-buffer mapping writable while\npreventing later permission upgrades.", "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's ALSA (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) US122L audio driver, which can lead to memory corruption or a Denial of Service (DoS). The driver improperly permits read-only memory mappings to be upgraded to writable. A local user with read and write permissions to the device file can exploit this flaw to modify internal buffer parameters, causing the kernel to access or release memory outside allocated bounds."], "name": "CVE-2026-97931", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}], "public_date": "2026-09-25T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-97931\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-97931\nhttps://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git/plain/cve/published/2026/CVE-2026-97931.mbox"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[030a07e441296c372f946cd4065b5d831d8dc40c,64a87950239867682cde128020e1a47088295e5c)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[030a07e441296c372f946cd4065b5d831d8dc40c,d9c537b14f4982f17b103e3a2cfeee4bee6bc026)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[030a07e441296c372f946cd4065b5d831d8dc40c,0eb9dd4774af0ac4d1fd105ef2b0a1f6cec06f2f)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[030a07e441296c372f946cd4065b5d831d8dc40c,71c610aeb1770302ac9c9e0b9a4ecd37f1311928)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "2.6.28"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,2.6.28)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.12.111,6.13.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.18.53,6.19.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[7.2.7,7.3.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.3-rc3,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-09-25T19:30:20.166239+00:00", "updated": "2026-10-01T08:45:03.647423+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}