The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12.

No CVSS v4.0

Attack Vector Network

Attack Complexity Low

Privileges Required None

Scope Unchanged

Confidentiality Impact None

Integrity Impact None

Availability Impact Low

User Interaction None

No CVSS v3.0

No CVSS v2

This CVE is not in the KEV list.

No EPSS score available.

Key SSVC decision points have not yet been added.

Default status is the baseline for the product, each version can override it (e.g. patched versions marked unaffected).

Vendor Product Default status Versions
juliangruber brace-expansion affected
Version Status Constraints
>= 4.0.0, < 5.0.12 affected —
>= 3.0.0, < 3.0.9 affected —
>= 2.0.0, < 2.1.7 affected —
< 1.1.21 affected —

No data.

No data.

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Advisories
Source ID Title
Github GHSA Github GHSA GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service
Fixes

Solution

No solution given by the vendor.

Workaround

No workaround given by the vendor.

References
Link Providers
https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/33a5ef17b8d800bbfa8c52b14c39043b6aac1a96 cve-icon cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/bdff773f98e5988616b7039cc9b508df5d640b22 cve-icon cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c55e67d8d8b1c56a2474afff15c2891166b2d364 cve-icon cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/ffdfa3e3806bed17c0874b8f1439b084de354a7e cve-icon cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr cve-icon cve-icon cve-icon
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-102277 cve-icon
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-102277 cve-icon
History

Tue, 29 Sep 2026 20:30:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics ssvc

{'options': {'Automatable': 'yes', 'Exploitation': 'none', 'Technical Impact': 'partial'}, 'version': '2.0.3'}

Tue, 29 Sep 2026 13:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Weaknesses CWE-606
References
Metrics threat_severity

None

 threat_severity

Moderate

Mon, 28 Sep 2026 23:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
First Time appeared Juliangruber
Juliangruber brace-expansion
Vendors & Products Juliangruber
Juliangruber brace-expansion

Mon, 28 Sep 2026 21:00:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12.
Title brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service
Weaknesses CWE-400
CWE-407
References
Metrics cvssV3_1

{'score': 5.3, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L'}

Projects

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cve-icon MITRE

Status: PUBLISHED

Assigner: GitHub_M

Published:

Updated: 2026-09-29T19:38:56.637Z

Reserved: 2026-09-28T20:11:16.659Z

Link: CVE-2026-102277

cve-icon Vulnrichment

Updated: 2026-09-29T19:38:52.275Z

cve-icon NVD

Status : Deferred

Published: 2026-09-28T21:17:16.300

Modified: 2026-09-30T19:57:08.043

Link: CVE-2026-102277

cve-icon Redhat

Severity : Moderate

Publid Date: 2026-09-28T20:54:46Z

Links: CVE-2026-102277 - Bugzilla

cve-icon OpenCVE Enrichment

Updated: 2026-09-29T18:15:08Z

Weaknesses