| CVE |
Vendors |
Products |
Updated |
CVSS v3.1 |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
block, bfq: fix possible UAF for bfqq->bic with merge chain
1) initial state, three tasks:
Process 1 Process 2 Process 3
(BIC1) (BIC2) (BIC3)
| Λ | Λ | Λ
| | | | | |
V | V | V |
bfqq1 bfqq2 bfqq3
process ref: 1 1 1
2) bfqq1 merged to bfqq2:
Process 1 Process 2 Process 3
(BIC1) (BIC2) (BIC3)
| | | Λ
\--------------\| | |
V V |
bfqq1--------->bfqq2 bfqq3
process ref: 0 2 1
3) bfqq2 merged to bfqq3:
Process 1 Process 2 Process 3
(BIC1) (BIC2) (BIC3)
here -> Λ | |
\--------------\ \-------------\|
V V
bfqq1--------->bfqq2---------->bfqq3
process ref: 0 1 3
In this case, IO from Process 1 will get bfqq2 from BIC1 first, and then
get bfqq3 through merge chain, and finially handle IO by bfqq3.
Howerver, current code will think bfqq2 is owned by BIC1, like initial
state, and set bfqq2->bic to BIC1.
bfq_insert_request
-> by Process 1
bfqq = bfq_init_rq(rq)
bfqq = bfq_get_bfqq_handle_split
bfqq = bic_to_bfqq
-> get bfqq2 from BIC1
bfqq->ref++
rq->elv.priv[0] = bic
rq->elv.priv[1] = bfqq
if (bfqq_process_refs(bfqq) == 1)
bfqq->bic = bic
-> record BIC1 to bfqq2
__bfq_insert_request
new_bfqq = bfq_setup_cooperator
-> get bfqq3 from bfqq2->new_bfqq
bfqq_request_freed(bfqq)
new_bfqq->ref++
rq->elv.priv[1] = new_bfqq
-> handle IO by bfqq3
Fix the problem by checking bfqq is from merge chain fist. And this
might fix a following problem reported by our syzkaller(unreproducible):
==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in bfq_do_early_stable_merge block/bfq-iosched.c:5692 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in bfq_do_or_sched_stable_merge block/bfq-iosched.c:5805 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in bfq_get_queue+0x25b0/0x2610 block/bfq-iosched.c:5889
Write of size 1 at addr ffff888123839eb8 by task kworker/0:1H/18595
CPU: 0 PID: 18595 Comm: kworker/0:1H Tainted: G L 6.6.0-07439-gba2303cacfda #6
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
Workqueue: kblockd blk_mq_requeue_work
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0x91/0xf0 lib/dump_stack.c:106
print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:364 [inline]
print_report+0x10d/0x610 mm/kasan/report.c:475
kasan_report+0x8e/0xc0 mm/kasan/report.c:588
bfq_do_early_stable_merge block/bfq-iosched.c:5692 [inline]
bfq_do_or_sched_stable_merge block/bfq-iosched.c:5805 [inline]
bfq_get_queue+0x25b0/0x2610 block/bfq-iosched.c:5889
bfq_get_bfqq_handle_split+0x169/0x5d0 block/bfq-iosched.c:6757
bfq_init_rq block/bfq-iosched.c:6876 [inline]
bfq_insert_request block/bfq-iosched.c:6254 [inline]
bfq_insert_requests+0x1112/0x5cf0 block/bfq-iosched.c:6304
blk_mq_insert_request+0x290/0x8d0 block/blk-mq.c:2593
blk_mq_requeue_work+0x6bc/0xa70 block/blk-mq.c:1502
process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:2627 [inline]
process_scheduled_works+0x432/0x13f0 kernel/workqueue.c:2700
worker_thread+0x6f2/0x1160 kernel/workqueue.c:2781
kthread+0x33c/0x440 kernel/kthread.c:388
ret_from_fork+0x4d/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147
ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:305
</TASK>
Allocated by task 20776:
kasan_save_stack+0x20/0x40 mm/kasan/common.c:45
kasan_set_track+0x25/0x30 mm/kasan/common.c:52
__kasan_slab_alloc+0x87/0x90 mm/kasan/common.c:328
kasan_slab_alloc include/linux/kasan.h:188 [inline]
slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slab.h:763 [inline]
slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3458 [inline]
kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x1a4/0x6f0 mm/slub.c:3503
ioc_create_icq block/blk-ioc.c:370 [inline]
---truncated--- |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
block: fix potential invalid pointer dereference in blk_add_partition
The blk_add_partition() function initially used a single if-condition
(IS_ERR(part)) to check for errors when adding a partition. This was
modified to handle the specific case of -ENXIO separately, allowing the
function to proceed without logging the error in this case. However,
this change unintentionally left a path where md_autodetect_dev()
could be called without confirming that part is a valid pointer.
This commit separates the error handling logic by splitting the
initial if-condition, improving code readability and handling specific
error scenarios explicitly. The function now distinguishes the general
error case from -ENXIO without altering the existing behavior of
md_autodetect_dev() calls. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nfsd: return -EINVAL when namelen is 0
When we have a corrupted main.sqlite in /var/lib/nfs/nfsdcld/, it may
result in namelen being 0, which will cause memdup_user() to return
ZERO_SIZE_PTR.
When we access the name.data that has been assigned the value of
ZERO_SIZE_PTR in nfs4_client_to_reclaim(), null pointer dereference is
triggered.
[ T1205] ==================================================================
[ T1205] BUG: KASAN: null-ptr-deref in nfs4_client_to_reclaim+0xe9/0x260
[ T1205] Read of size 1 at addr 0000000000000010 by task nfsdcld/1205
[ T1205]
[ T1205] CPU: 11 PID: 1205 Comm: nfsdcld Not tainted 5.10.0-00003-g2c1423731b8d #406
[ T1205] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS ?-20190727_073836-buildvm-ppc64le-16.ppc.fedoraproject.org-3.fc31 04/01/2014
[ T1205] Call Trace:
[ T1205] dump_stack+0x9a/0xd0
[ T1205] ? nfs4_client_to_reclaim+0xe9/0x260
[ T1205] __kasan_report.cold+0x34/0x84
[ T1205] ? nfs4_client_to_reclaim+0xe9/0x260
[ T1205] kasan_report+0x3a/0x50
[ T1205] nfs4_client_to_reclaim+0xe9/0x260
[ T1205] ? nfsd4_release_lockowner+0x410/0x410
[ T1205] cld_pipe_downcall+0x5ca/0x760
[ T1205] ? nfsd4_cld_tracking_exit+0x1d0/0x1d0
[ T1205] ? down_write_killable_nested+0x170/0x170
[ T1205] ? avc_policy_seqno+0x28/0x40
[ T1205] ? selinux_file_permission+0x1b4/0x1e0
[ T1205] rpc_pipe_write+0x84/0xb0
[ T1205] vfs_write+0x143/0x520
[ T1205] ksys_write+0xc9/0x170
[ T1205] ? __ia32_sys_read+0x50/0x50
[ T1205] ? ktime_get_coarse_real_ts64+0xfe/0x110
[ T1205] ? ktime_get_coarse_real_ts64+0xa2/0x110
[ T1205] do_syscall_64+0x33/0x40
[ T1205] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x67/0xd1
[ T1205] RIP: 0033:0x7fdbdb761bc7
[ T1205] Code: 0f 00 f7 d8 64 89 02 48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff eb b7 0f 1f 00 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 514
[ T1205] RSP: 002b:00007fff8c4b7248 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
[ T1205] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000000000000042b RCX: 00007fdbdb761bc7
[ T1205] RDX: 000000000000042b RSI: 00007fff8c4b75f0 RDI: 0000000000000008
[ T1205] RBP: 00007fdbdb761bb0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000001
[ T1205] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 000000000000042b
[ T1205] R13: 0000000000000008 R14: 00007fff8c4b75f0 R15: 0000000000000000
[ T1205] ==================================================================
Fix it by checking namelen. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
icmp: change the order of rate limits
ICMP messages are ratelimited :
After the blamed commits, the two rate limiters are applied in this order:
1) host wide ratelimit (icmp_global_allow())
2) Per destination ratelimit (inetpeer based)
In order to avoid side-channels attacks, we need to apply
the per destination check first.
This patch makes the following change :
1) icmp_global_allow() checks if the host wide limit is reached.
But credits are not yet consumed. This is deferred to 3)
2) The per destination limit is checked/updated.
This might add a new node in inetpeer tree.
3) icmp_global_consume() consumes tokens if prior operations succeeded.
This means that host wide ratelimit is still effective
in keeping inetpeer tree small even under DDOS.
As a bonus, I removed icmp_global.lock as the fast path
can use a lock-free operation. |
| CUPS is a standards-based, open-source printing system, and `libppd` can be used for legacy PPD file support. The `libppd` function `ppdCreatePPDFromIPP2` does not sanitize IPP attributes when creating the PPD buffer. When used in combination with other functions such as `cfGetPrinterAttributes5`, can result in user controlled input and ultimately code execution via Foomatic. This vulnerability can be part of an exploit chain leading to remote code execution (RCE), as described in CVE-2024-47176. |
| CUPS is a standards-based, open-source printing system, and `libcupsfilters` contains the code of the filters of the former `cups-filters` package as library functions to be used for the data format conversion tasks needed in Printer Applications. The `cfGetPrinterAttributes5` function in `libcupsfilters` does not sanitize IPP attributes returned from an IPP server. When these IPP attributes are used, for instance, to generate a PPD file, this can lead to attacker controlled data to be provided to the rest of the CUPS system. |
| An issue was discovered in psi/zfile.c in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.04.0. Out-of-bounds data access in filenameforall can lead to arbitrary code execution. |
| An issue was discovered in base/gsdevice.c in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.04.0. An integer overflow when parsing the filename format string (for the output filename) results in path truncation, and possible path traversal and code execution. |
| An issue was discovered in psi/zcolor.c in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.04.0. An unchecked Implementation pointer in Pattern color space could lead to arbitrary code execution. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amd/display: Correct the defined value for AMDGPU_DMUB_NOTIFICATION_MAX
[Why & How]
It actually exposes '6' types in enum dmub_notification_type. Not 5. Using smaller
number to create array dmub_callback & dmub_thread_offload has potential to access
item out of array bound. Fix it. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
spi: nxp-fspi: fix the KASAN report out-of-bounds bug
Change the memcpy length to fix the out-of-bounds issue when writing the
data that is not 4 byte aligned to TX FIFO.
To reproduce the issue, write 3 bytes data to NOR chip.
dd if=3b of=/dev/mtd0
[ 36.926103] ==================================================================
[ 36.933409] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in nxp_fspi_exec_op+0x26ec/0x2838
[ 36.940514] Read of size 4 at addr ffff00081037c2a0 by task dd/455
[ 36.946721]
[ 36.948235] CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 455 Comm: dd Not tainted 6.11.0-rc5-gc7b0e37c8434 #1070
[ 36.956185] Hardware name: Freescale i.MX8QM MEK (DT)
[ 36.961260] Call trace:
[ 36.963723] dump_backtrace+0x90/0xe8
[ 36.967414] show_stack+0x18/0x24
[ 36.970749] dump_stack_lvl+0x78/0x90
[ 36.974451] print_report+0x114/0x5cc
[ 36.978151] kasan_report+0xa4/0xf0
[ 36.981670] __asan_report_load_n_noabort+0x1c/0x28
[ 36.986587] nxp_fspi_exec_op+0x26ec/0x2838
[ 36.990800] spi_mem_exec_op+0x8ec/0xd30
[ 36.994762] spi_mem_no_dirmap_read+0x190/0x1e0
[ 36.999323] spi_mem_dirmap_write+0x238/0x32c
[ 37.003710] spi_nor_write_data+0x220/0x374
[ 37.007932] spi_nor_write+0x110/0x2e8
[ 37.011711] mtd_write_oob_std+0x154/0x1f0
[ 37.015838] mtd_write_oob+0x104/0x1d0
[ 37.019617] mtd_write+0xb8/0x12c
[ 37.022953] mtdchar_write+0x224/0x47c
[ 37.026732] vfs_write+0x1e4/0x8c8
[ 37.030163] ksys_write+0xec/0x1d0
[ 37.033586] __arm64_sys_write+0x6c/0x9c
[ 37.037539] invoke_syscall+0x6c/0x258
[ 37.041327] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x160/0x22c
[ 37.046244] do_el0_svc+0x44/0x5c
[ 37.049589] el0_svc+0x38/0x78
[ 37.052681] el0t_64_sync_handler+0x13c/0x158
[ 37.057077] el0t_64_sync+0x190/0x194
[ 37.060775]
[ 37.062274] Allocated by task 455:
[ 37.065701] kasan_save_stack+0x2c/0x54
[ 37.069570] kasan_save_track+0x20/0x3c
[ 37.073438] kasan_save_alloc_info+0x40/0x54
[ 37.077736] __kasan_kmalloc+0xa0/0xb8
[ 37.081515] __kmalloc_noprof+0x158/0x2f8
[ 37.085563] mtd_kmalloc_up_to+0x120/0x154
[ 37.089690] mtdchar_write+0x130/0x47c
[ 37.093469] vfs_write+0x1e4/0x8c8
[ 37.096901] ksys_write+0xec/0x1d0
[ 37.100332] __arm64_sys_write+0x6c/0x9c
[ 37.104287] invoke_syscall+0x6c/0x258
[ 37.108064] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x160/0x22c
[ 37.112972] do_el0_svc+0x44/0x5c
[ 37.116319] el0_svc+0x38/0x78
[ 37.119401] el0t_64_sync_handler+0x13c/0x158
[ 37.123788] el0t_64_sync+0x190/0x194
[ 37.127474]
[ 37.128977] The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff00081037c2a0
[ 37.128977] which belongs to the cache kmalloc-8 of size 8
[ 37.141177] The buggy address is located 0 bytes inside of
[ 37.141177] allocated 3-byte region [ffff00081037c2a0, ffff00081037c2a3)
[ 37.153465]
[ 37.154971] The buggy address belongs to the physical page:
[ 37.160559] page: refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x89037c
[ 37.168596] flags: 0xbfffe0000000000(node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x1ffff)
[ 37.175149] page_type: 0xfdffffff(slab)
[ 37.179021] raw: 0bfffe0000000000 ffff000800002500 dead000000000122 0000000000000000
[ 37.186788] raw: 0000000000000000 0000000080800080 00000001fdffffff 0000000000000000
[ 37.194553] page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected
[ 37.200144]
[ 37.201647] Memory state around the buggy address:
[ 37.206460] ffff00081037c180: fa fc fc fc fa fc fc fc fa fc fc fc fa fc fc fc
[ 37.213701] ffff00081037c200: fa fc fc fc 05 fc fc fc 03 fc fc fc 02 fc fc fc
[ 37.220946] >ffff00081037c280: 06 fc fc fc 03 fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
[ 37.228186] ^
[ 37.232473] ffff00081037c300: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
[ 37.239718] ffff00081037c380: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
[ 37.246962] ==============================================================
---truncated--- |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amdgpu: Fix smatch static checker warning
adev->gfx.imu.funcs could be NULL |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
sched: sch_cake: fix bulk flow accounting logic for host fairness
In sch_cake, we keep track of the count of active bulk flows per host,
when running in dst/src host fairness mode, which is used as the
round-robin weight when iterating through flows. The count of active
bulk flows is updated whenever a flow changes state.
This has a peculiar interaction with the hash collision handling: when a
hash collision occurs (after the set-associative hashing), the state of
the hash bucket is simply updated to match the new packet that collided,
and if host fairness is enabled, that also means assigning new per-host
state to the flow. For this reason, the bulk flow counters of the
host(s) assigned to the flow are decremented, before new state is
assigned (and the counters, which may not belong to the same host
anymore, are incremented again).
Back when this code was introduced, the host fairness mode was always
enabled, so the decrement was unconditional. When the configuration
flags were introduced the *increment* was made conditional, but
the *decrement* was not. Which of course can lead to a spurious
decrement (and associated wrap-around to U16_MAX).
AFAICT, when host fairness is disabled, the decrement and wrap-around
happens as soon as a hash collision occurs (which is not that common in
itself, due to the set-associative hashing). However, in most cases this
is harmless, as the value is only used when host fairness mode is
enabled. So in order to trigger an array overflow, sch_cake has to first
be configured with host fairness disabled, and while running in this
mode, a hash collision has to occur to cause the overflow. Then, the
qdisc has to be reconfigured to enable host fairness, which leads to the
array out-of-bounds because the wrapped-around value is retained and
used as an array index. It seems that syzbot managed to trigger this,
which is quite impressive in its own right.
This patch fixes the issue by introducing the same conditional check on
decrement as is used on increment.
The original bug predates the upstreaming of cake, but the commit listed
in the Fixes tag touched that code, meaning that this patch won't apply
before that. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amdgpu: the warning dereferencing obj for nbio_v7_4
if ras_manager obj null, don't print NBIO err data |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amd/amdgpu: Check tbo resource pointer
Validate tbo resource pointer, skip if NULL |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amdgpu: fix the waring dereferencing hive
Check the amdgpu_hive_info *hive that maybe is NULL. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
sch/netem: fix use after free in netem_dequeue
If netem_dequeue() enqueues packet to inner qdisc and that qdisc
returns __NET_XMIT_STOLEN. The packet is dropped but
qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() is not called to update the parent's
q.qlen, leading to the similar use-after-free as Commit
e04991a48dbaf382 ("netem: fix return value if duplicate enqueue
fails")
Commands to trigger KASAN UaF:
ip link add type dummy
ip link set lo up
ip link set dummy0 up
tc qdisc add dev lo parent root handle 1: drr
tc filter add dev lo parent 1: basic classid 1:1
tc class add dev lo classid 1:1 drr
tc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:1 handle 2: netem
tc qdisc add dev lo parent 2: handle 3: drr
tc filter add dev lo parent 3: basic classid 3:1 action mirred egress
redirect dev dummy0
tc class add dev lo classid 3:1 drr
ping -c1 -W0.01 localhost # Trigger bug
tc class del dev lo classid 1:1
tc class add dev lo classid 1:1 drr
ping -c1 -W0.01 localhost # UaF |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
tcp_bpf: fix return value of tcp_bpf_sendmsg()
When we cork messages in psock->cork, the last message triggers the
flushing will result in sending a sk_msg larger than the current
message size. In this case, in tcp_bpf_send_verdict(), 'copied' becomes
negative at least in the following case:
468 case __SK_DROP:
469 default:
470 sk_msg_free_partial(sk, msg, tosend);
471 sk_msg_apply_bytes(psock, tosend);
472 *copied -= (tosend + delta); // <==== HERE
473 return -EACCES;
Therefore, it could lead to the following BUG with a proper value of
'copied' (thanks to syzbot). We should not use negative 'copied' as a
return value here.
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at net/socket.c:733!
Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 3265 Comm: syz-executor510 Not tainted 6.11.0-rc3-syzkaller-00060-gd07b43284ab3 #0
Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)
pstate: 61400009 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
pc : sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:733 [inline]
pc : sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:728 [inline]
pc : __sock_sendmsg+0x5c/0x60 net/socket.c:745
lr : sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:730 [inline]
lr : __sock_sendmsg+0x54/0x60 net/socket.c:745
sp : ffff800088ea3b30
x29: ffff800088ea3b30 x28: fbf00000062bc900 x27: 0000000000000000
x26: ffff800088ea3bc0 x25: ffff800088ea3bc0 x24: 0000000000000000
x23: f9f00000048dc000 x22: 0000000000000000 x21: ffff800088ea3d90
x20: f9f00000048dc000 x19: ffff800088ea3d90 x18: 0000000000000001
x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 000000002002ffaf
x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000
x11: 0000000000000000 x10: ffff8000815849c0 x9 : ffff8000815b49c0
x8 : 0000000000000000 x7 : 000000000000003f x6 : 0000000000000000
x5 : 00000000000007e0 x4 : fff07ffffd239000 x3 : fbf00000062bc900
x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : 00000000fffffdef
Call trace:
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:733 [inline]
__sock_sendmsg+0x5c/0x60 net/socket.c:745
____sys_sendmsg+0x274/0x2ac net/socket.c:2597
___sys_sendmsg+0xac/0x100 net/socket.c:2651
__sys_sendmsg+0x84/0xe0 net/socket.c:2680
__do_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2689 [inline]
__se_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2687 [inline]
__arm64_sys_sendmsg+0x24/0x30 net/socket.c:2687
__invoke_syscall arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:35 [inline]
invoke_syscall+0x48/0x110 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:49
el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:132
do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:151
el0_svc+0x34/0xec arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:712
el0t_64_sync_handler+0x100/0x12c arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:730
el0t_64_sync+0x19c/0x1a0 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:598
Code: f9404463 d63f0060 3108441f 54fffe81 (d4210000)
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amdgpu: Fix out-of-bounds write warning
Check the ring type value to fix the out-of-bounds
write warning |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/amdgpu: Fix out-of-bounds read of df_v1_7_channel_number
Check the fb_channel_number range to avoid the array out-of-bounds
read error |
